— A Simple Useful Tutorial for Webhosting

（节选）

Definition

       Linux: a free Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world.

SSH: Secure Shell

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

Q&A

1. Is Linux Interface Graphical User Interface?
   No, Linux is like MS-DOS. You need to type in commands to complete operation.
2. Then, why so many people choose Linux?
   Linux is open-source. Besides, it runs fast, stable and saves hard device resources.
3. How can a computer with Linux OS be a webhosting server?
   The common environment is LAMP: Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP.
4. What is the hosting service in this tutorial?
   DreamHost, or “DH” for short. (Visit my blog willin.org for detail)
5. Where can I get a LAMP web hosting server?
   www.Wiwill.com (for Chinese).
6. What does “php.ini” do?
   This file controls many aspects of PHP’s behavior.

Overview

This term I’ve got a brief understanding of Linux from www.niit.com.cn/students. Coincidently, I have great interests in web developing and my website hosting server is Linux Operating System. So, I have further learned Linux especially remote server technology on webhosting.

DreamHost default setting of maximum allowed size for uploaded files is only 7MB, and I can’t even upload a short video. After learned about Linux, I have tried to revise my PHP configuration. And I made it after trying a lot.

In this tutorial, I use my DH web server as an example. Of course, for almost every Linux web server, it won’t be no use if you follow my instructions step by step.

Notice:

Don’t make change if you don’t know how it behaves.

If your website server is under safe mode, do not make any change and it won’t perform well. If not, don’t run your it in safe mode unless unexpected occasions.

Warning:

       If your hosting is in DH, you must know that: DH sharing servers do not accept Debug Mode. In season and out of season, once you make it to Debug Mode, your website will be shut down immediately and your file will be deleted for good.

Topic

1. To adapt your own php configuration, we need a SSH account first. If you already have one, skip this step.
   Login in DreamHost Web Panel (http://panel.dramhost.com).
   Choose “Users – Manage Users”, choose one to edit.
   Find “User Account Type” and tick “Shell account – allows SFTP/FTP plus ssh access”.
   Save changes.
2. Download PuTTY (a SSH client software), run PuTTYPortable.exe
   (You can find it easily from Google.com)
   
   Type FTP address in “Host Name(or IP address)”
   Port use “22” if failure, change it for “21”.
   Type in a name or click “Save” directly.
3. Click “Open”. Type in your Username and Password.
   Notice:
   No “*” when you typing in your password.
   If you login in successfully, you will see the interface showing “login as: ****” like this snapshot.
   Else you have to try it again.
   
4. Type in the command: mkdir $HOME/example.com/cgi-bin↙
   (Make a new cgi-bin fold under your domain root.)
   Notice:
   i. Replace example.com of your domain name.
   ii. “↙” means Enter.
   Same in the below.
5. Type in: cp /etc/php5/cgi/php.ini $HOME/example.com/cgi-bin/php.ini↙
   (Copy your old php.ini to your website category.)
6. Type in: cat << EOF > $HOME/example.com/cgi-bin/php-wrapper.cgi↙
   #!/bin/sh↙
   exec /dh/cgi-system/php5.cgi $*↙
   EOF↙
7. (Adapt CGI configuration. DreamHost uses FastCGI & PHP.)
8. Set properties of categories and files (or skip this step and use FTP client such as FlashFTP or CuteFTP to complete it). Type in:
   chmod 755 $HOME/example.com/cgi-bin↙
   chmod 755 $HOME/example.com/cgi-bin/php-wrapper.cgi↙
   chmod 640 $HOME/example.com/cgi-bin/php.ini↙
9. Type in: exit↙ and then close the SSH client.
10. Create the .htaccess file:
    Create a text and save as “.htaccess” with notepad. And upload it to your website root fold. (EditPlus Editor recommended)
    The content of “.htaccess” file:
    Options +ExecCGI
    AddHandler php5-cgi .php
    Action php-cgi /cgi-bin/php-wrapper.cgi
    Action php5-cgi /cgi-bin/php-wrapper.cgi
    If there is already one existing, copy and paste it to the top.
11.  Upload php.ini to your website cgi-bin fold and finish the configuration.

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众所周知，DH默认是不支持大部分的采集器，因为DH默认PHP的 allow_url_fopen 选项没有打开，这是DH的一个大缺陷。好在DH可以让用户自己编译PHP，打开这些选项。
编译方法：
1. 下载附件中的文件 installscript.sh，将其中的“your.domain.com”替换为你的真实域名，然后上传到你的域名目录中
2. 用shell登陆系统
3. 修改 installscript.sh 的属性为可执行：执行命令 “chmod +x installscript.sh”
4. 执行installscript.sh： ./installscript
5. 编译成功后，修改 .htaccess，使用刚才编译出的php程序来解析php文件；在 .htaccess 中添加如下内容：
[coolcode]AddHandler phpFive .php
Action phpFive /cgi-bin/php.cgi[/coolcode]
6. 修改 php.ini，该文件在 ~/your_domain_name/etc/php5/ 目录下，打开 allow_url_fileopen 选项
installscript.sh源码：
[coolcode]#!/bin/sh
# Script updated 2006-12-25 by Carl McDade (hiveminds.co.uk) to allow memory limit and freetype
# Save the code to a file as *.sh
# Abort on any errors
set -e

# The domain in which to install the PHP CGI script.
export DOMAIN=”your.domain.com”

# Where do you want all this stuff built? I’d recommend picking a local
# filesystem.
# ***Don’t pick a directory that already exists!*** We clean up after
# ourselves at the end!
SRCDIR=${HOME}/source

# And where should it be installed?
INSTALLDIR=${HOME}/php5

# Set DISTDIR to somewhere persistent, if you plan to muck around with this
# script and run it several times!
DISTDIR=${HOME}/dist

# Pre-download clean up!!!!
rm -fr $SRCDIR $DISTDIR

# Update version information here.
PHP5=”php-5.2.0″
LIBICONV=”libiconv-1.11″
LIBMCRYPT=”libmcrypt-2.5.7″
LIBXML2=”libxml2-2.6.27″
LIBXSLT=”libxslt-1.1.18″
MHASH=”mhash-0.9.7.1″
ZLIB=”zlib-1.2.3″
CURL=”curl-7.14.0″
LIBIDN=”libidn-0.6.8″
CCLIENT=”imap-2004g”
CCLIENT_DIR=”imap-2004g” # Another pest!
FREETYPE=”freetype-2.2.1″

# What PHP features do you want enabled?
PHPFEATURES=”–prefix=${INSTALLDIR} \
–with-config-file-path=${INSTALLDIR}/etc/php5/${DOMAIN} \
–enable-force-cgi-redirect \
–with-xml \
–with-libxml-dir=${INSTALLDIR} \
–with-freetype-dir=${INSTALLDIR} \
–enable-soap \
–with-openssl=/usr \
–with-mhash=${INSTALLDIR} \
–with-mcrypt=${INSTALLDIR} \
–with-zlib-dir=${INSTALLDIR} \
–with-jpeg-dir=/usr \
–with-png-dir=/usr \
–with-gd \
–enable-gd-native-ttf \
–enable-memory-limit
–enable-ftp \
–with-exif \
–enable-sockets \
–enable-wddx \
–with-iconv=${INSTALLDIR} \
–enable-sqlite-utf8 \
–enable-calendar \
–with-curl=${INSTALLDIR} \
–enable-mbstring \
–enable-mbregex \
–with-mysql=/usr \
–with-mysqli \
–without-pear \
–with-gettext \
–with-imap=${INSTALLDIR} \
–with-imap-ssl=/usr”

# —- end of user-editable bits. Hopefully! —-

# Push the install dir’s bin directory into the path
export PATH=${INSTALLDIR}/bin:$PATH

#setup directories
mkdir -p ${SRCDIR}
mkdir -p ${INSTALLDIR}
mkdir -p ${DISTDIR}
cd ${DISTDIR}

# Get all the required packages
wget -c http://us3.php.net/distributions/${PHP5}.tar.gz
wget -c http://mirrors.usc.edu/pub/gnu/libiconv/${LIBICONV}.tar.gz
wget -c http://easynews.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz
wget -c ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/${LIBXML2}.tar.gz
wget -c ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/${LIBXSLT}.tar.gz
wget -c http://superb-west.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mhash/${MHASH}.tar.gz
wget -c http://www.zlib.net/${ZLIB}.tar.gz
wget -c http://curl.haxx.se/download/${CURL}.tar.gz
wget -c http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/freetype/${FREETYPE}.tar.gz
wget -c ftp://alpha.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libidn/${LIBIDN}.tar.gz
wget -c ftp://ftp.cac.washington.edu/imap/old/${CCLIENT}.tar.Z

echo ———- Unpacking downloaded archives. This process may take several minutes! ———-

cd ${SRCDIR}
# Unpack them all
echo Extracting ${PHP5}…
tar xzf ${DISTDIR}/${PHP5}.tar.gz
echo Done.
echo Extracting ${LIBICONV}…
tar xzf ${DISTDIR}/${LIBICONV}.tar.gz
echo Done.
echo Extracting ${LIBMCRYPT}…
tar xzf ${DISTDIR}/${LIBMCRYPT}.tar.gz
echo Done.
echo Extracting ${LIBXML2}…
tar xzf ${DISTDIR}/${LIBXML2}.tar.gz
echo Done.
echo Extracting ${LIBXSLT}…
tar xzf ${DISTDIR}/${LIBXSLT}.tar.gz
echo Done.
echo Extracting ${MHASH}…
tar xzf ${DISTDIR}/${MHASH}.tar.gz
echo Done.
echo Extracting ${ZLIB}…
tar xzf ${DISTDIR}/${ZLIB}.tar.gz
echo Done.
echo Extracting ${CURL}…
tar xzf ${DISTDIR}/${CURL}.tar.gz
echo Done.
echo Extracting ${LIBIDN}…
tar xzf ${DISTDIR}/${LIBIDN}.tar.gz
echo Done.
echo Extracting ${CCLIENT}…
uncompress -cd ${DISTDIR}/${CCLIENT}.tar.Z |tar x
echo Done.
echo Extracting ${FREETYPE}…
tar xzf ${DISTDIR}/${FREETYPE}.tar.gz
echo Done.

# Build them in the required order to satisfy dependencies.

#libiconv
cd ${SRCDIR}/${LIBICONV}
./configure –enable-extra-encodings –prefix=${INSTALLDIR}
# make clean
make
make install

#libxml2
cd ${SRCDIR}/${LIBXML2}
./configure –with-iconv=${INSTALLDIR} –prefix=${INSTALLDIR}
# make clean
make
make install

#libxslt
cd ${SRCDIR}/${LIBXSLT}
./configure –prefix=${INSTALLDIR} \
–with-libxml-prefix=${INSTALLDIR} \
–with-libxml-include-prefix=${INSTALLDIR}/include/ \
–with-libxml-libs-prefix=${INSTALLDIR}/lib/
# make clean
make
make install

#zlib
cd ${SRCDIR}/${ZLIB}
./configure –shared –prefix=${INSTALLDIR}
# make clean
make
make install

#libmcrypt
cd ${SRCDIR}/${LIBMCRYPT}
./configure –disable-posix-threads –prefix=${INSTALLDIR}
# make clean
make
make install

#libmcrypt lltdl issue!!
cd ${SRCDIR}/${LIBMCRYPT}/libltdl
./configure –prefix=${INSTALLDIR} –enable-ltdl-install
# make clean
make
make install

#mhash
cd ${SRCDIR}/${MHASH}
./configure –prefix=${INSTALLDIR}
# make clean
make
make install

#freetype
cd ${SRCDIR}/${FREETYPE}
./configure –prefix=${INSTALLDIR}
# make clean
make
make install

#libidn
cd ${SRCDIR}/${LIBIDN}
./configure –with-iconv-prefix=${INSTALLDIR} –prefix=${INSTALLDIR}
# make clean
make
make install

#cURL
cd ${SRCDIR}/${CURL}
./configure –with-ssl=${INSTALLDIR} –with-zlib=${INSTALLDIR} \
–with-libidn=${INSTALLDIR} –enable-ipv6 –enable-cookies \
–enable-crypto-auth –prefix=${INSTALLDIR}
# make clean
make
make install

# c-client
cd ${SRCDIR}/${CCLIENT_DIR}
make ldb
# Install targets are for wusses!
cp c-client/c-client.a ${INSTALLDIR}/lib/libc-client.a
cp c-client/*.h ${INSTALLDIR}/include

#PHP 5
cd ${SRCDIR}/${PHP5}
./configure ${PHPFEATURES}
# make clean
make
make install

#copy config file
mkdir -p ${INSTALLDIR}/etc/php5/${DOMAIN}
cp ${SRCDIR}/${PHP5}/php.ini-dist ${INSTALLDIR}/etc/php5/${DOMAIN}/php.ini

#copy PHP CGI
mkdir -p ${HOME}/${DOMAIN}/cgi-bin
chmod 0755 ${HOME}/${DOMAIN}/cgi-bin
cp ${INSTALLDIR}/bin/php ${HOME}/${DOMAIN}/cgi-bin/php.cgi
rm -fr $SRCDIR $DISTDIR
echo ———- INSTALL COMPLETE! ———-[/coolcode]

参考文档：http://wiki.dreamhost.com/index.php/Installing_PHP5

注：此文转自网络。

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